Archive for the ‘Bonds’ Category

Forever Blowing Bubbles

Friday, May 17th, 2013

“I’m forever blowing bubbles,
Pretty bubbles in the air
They fly so high, nearly reach the sky
And like my dreams they fade and die.”

                                     From “Forever Blowing Bubbles”

Bubbles are everywhere, according to Bill Gross, aka The Bond King.

According to Gross, there’s a bubble in Treasuries, a bubble in narrow credit spreads and a bubble in high-yield prices.  The stock market appears to be in a bubble, too.

The problem with bubbles is that we won’t know we’re in one until it pops.  And when it pops, it’s too late to do anything about it.  A bubble can cause all sorts of problems, as you may recall from the dot-com bubble in the ‘90s and the housing bubble in 2008.

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The End of QE?

Friday, January 11th, 2013

The Fed’s quantitative easing program has been like that endless tub of popcorn or vat of soda that those with large appetites buy at the theater.  It goes on and on, but at some point, enough is enough.  Are you really ever going to refill that?

The Federal Reserve Board has gorged on bonds for years now and some board members are finally losing their appetite for continuing, according to minutes from the last meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee.

The supersized QE3, the third round of quantitative easing, was supposed to continue until the unemployment rate dropped to a reasonable number.  The only problem is that buying bonds doesn’t produce jobs.

Even accounting for Storm Sandy’s impact, job growth remains stalled, with the unemployment rate stuck at 7.8%.  While the rate is significantly lower than it was in 2009 (9.9%), it is nowhere near the 5.0% rate of 2007.  More troubling, much of the rate drop is due to people either dropping out of the workforce or taking low-paying part-time jobs.

That doesn’t mean that quantitative easing is without consequences.  The sudden nervousness of some Fed members reflects the fear that buying $85 billion in Treasuries and agency paper will destroy the dollar.

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News You May Have Missed

Friday, October 26th, 2012

With the election season in full swing, dominating the airwaves, Internet and print media, you may have missed some of the other news from the past week.  Here are a few lowlights:

What Recession?  We recently reported that the unemployment rate miraculously improved to under 8% just before the election.  Now, according to a preliminary report, annual growth in gross domestic product (GDP) is miraculously above 2%.

An unemployment rate under 8% is none too impressive and neither is a growth rate of just above 2%, but we live in times of low expectations – and these benchmarks, if achieved honestly, would indicate that the economy is moving in the right direction.

But have they been achieved honestly?  And are they accurate?

According to zerohedge.com, over one third, or 0.71% of the growth was contributed by an increase in “Government Consumption:’

“This was the biggest rise in government spending in 3 years, and only the first contribution by Uncle Sam to its own GDP print since Q2 2010. So in much the same way as the September jobs print soared courtesy of government employee hiring, this same government is now juicing its own numbers to make itself look better.”

Recall that Q2 GDP was revised down from 1.7% to 1.25%.  Revisions to Q3 GDP will be released after the election.

As for the unemployment rate, none other than former GE CEO Jack Welch questioned the employment numbers in a Wall Street Journal op-ed.  Even if you accept the numbers from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, gains were in “involuntary part-time” help – meaning people who were looking for full-time work are now flipping burgers to make ends meet.

Because the unemployment rate excludes those who have stopped looking for work and includes those who are underemployed in part-time jobs, others put the real unemployment rate at 14.7%.  An analysis by The Wall Street Journal, which factors in historical shifts in the labor market, puts the rate at 9.3%.

Whatever analysis you accept, many Americans are still out of work and economic growth is well below what it should be.

Muni Massacre.  Moody’s Investors Service cut its credit ratings on more than $200 billion worth of municipal bonds through the first nine months of 2012, exceeding the total for 2011 – and “there’s no end in sight.”

Moody’s cites increased risk because of the “difficult economic and industry environments.”  And we thought the economy was improving!


Stimulus spending.  If government spending does, indeed, stimulate the economy, we should now be growing at a record pace.  U.S. debt has reached $16.6 trillion, while total GDP is $15.76 trillion.  In other words, debt exceeds GDP by 2.4%.

Lower Profits, Home Building.  The stock market’s performance continues to be erratic at best, reflecting economic data that one day sounds hopeful and the next day sounds hopeless.

Profits have been generally disappointing, as previously reported, but at least the housing market has been rebounding, as we announced last week.  However, anyone who jumped into homebuilders’ stocks to take advantage of the improving market would have to be disappointed by this week’s performance, as the SPDR S&P Homebuilders ETF dropped 1.2% this week.

The ETF dropped because the National Association of Realtors (NAR) reported that the speed of growth in housing sales decreased last month.

NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun said, “Home contract activity remains at an elevated level in contrast with recent years, but currently appears to be bouncing around in a narrow range. This means only minor movement is likely in near-term existing-home sales, but with positive underlying market fundamentals they should continue on an uptrend in 2013.”

Sorry for being such an optimist last week!

Consumers Might Spend – If They Had Any Money

Friday, September 14th, 2012

Bond buying will pump money into the economy and reduce long-term interest rates, which are already at historic lows.

Theoretically, this will give consumers a greater incentive to spend their money now.  Or it would, if they had money to spend.

The Fed announcement comes on the heels of a Census Bureau report that annual household income fell in 2011 for the fourth straight year to $50,054, which is the level it was at in 1995.

In addition, of course, many Americans are currently living off of their unemployment benefits.  As we reported, many Americans have given up looking for jobs.  The deficit between the number of jobs created and the number of jobs shed exceeded 200,000 in August alone.

While the reported unemployment rate dropped from 8.3% to 8.1% in August, if those who are underemployed and those who have stopped looking were included, the real unemployment rate would be about 19%, according to The Wall Street Journal.

And, of course, bond buying will increase inflation.  Many Americans, who are barely subsisting, will need to find a way to spend more on food and gas.  So, tell me again, how is this helping the middle class?

The Other QE

Friday, September 7th, 2012

It’s not QE3, the Fed’s highly anticipated and much discussed quantitative easing program, but the European Central Bank’s (ECB) bond buying program is having a similar impact.

Stock markets worldwide rose announced its bond-buying program yesterday.

Bond buying is Wall Street’s version of crack … it costs money and has a negative long-term impact, but it creates a temporary euphoria and makes everything seem just find for the those who want to live in the moment.

As The Wall Street Journal put it, “we suppose the good news is that it isn’t as sweeping as it might have been.”

To receive money from the ECB, countries that want help must first apply to the eurozone’s bailout fund.  Countries that receive assistance must consent to reducing government spending and debt.

In reality, though, countries like Spain, Italy and Greece are under pressure from citizens who don’t want austerity.  They’re protesting in the streets of Spain because the government would like to reduce their generous benefits … and politicians who want to survive had better take heed.

The program also has the potential to send bond yields soaring, not to mention causing higher inflation.

Conversely, one reason the markets responded favorably is that the program reduces the risk of a Eurozone break-up – at least for now.

Over Fed

Friday, July 20th, 2012

To QE3 or not to QE3?  That is the question the Federal Reserve Board has been pondering for months … or at least Fed observers think it’s being pondered.

But, as we’ve said before, if the first two rounds of quantitative easing did little to boost the economy, why would a third round help?  In fact, each successive round of Fed action has had less of an impact than the one before it.

Quantitative easing is the printing of money by the government to buy bonds, which is supposed to stimulate consumer spending.  It hasn’t worked, because consumers are still broke and many have maxed out their credit cards.

The Fed also tried Operation Twist, which involved selling short-term bonds and using the funds to buy longer-term bonds, also had little impact.  Operation Twist, which might have been called QE 2½, was supposed to lower long-term interest rates to stimulate borrowing and investment, but it also has had little impact.

As Frank Barbera of Sierra Investment Management put it in his white paper, “Reflections on Slowing Global Growth,” “most of the liquidity created by QE1 and 2 did not find its way into the real economy, but instead ended up right back on the books of banks as excess reserves, with banks actually contracting their loan portfolios.”

Helping banks build excess reserves was, of course, not the goal of QE 1 and 2.

The one positive aspect of quantitative easing is that each round gives the stock market a temporary boost, but the impact is like that of chocolate, which creates a temporary boost, but makes the consumer more lethargic afterward.

Ray Dalio of Bridgewater Securities expressed concern that “there are no more tools in the tool kit of fiscal and monetary policy to help kick the can down the road.”

The problem with kicking the can down the road is that, at some point, the road ends.

Dancing With A Cow

Tuesday, July 17th, 2012

While Europe’s sovereign debt crisis has beaten down the U.S. stock market, it has helped the bond market.

Because the European bond market is in such poor shape, U.S. bonds are a relatively healthy investment.  Investors have been buying U.S. bonds, because they look good relative to European debt.  But that’s like dancing with a cow because your only other option is a pig.

U.S. yields are at record lows, even though U.S. debt has now reached $15.9 trillion, up from $9 trillion in 2007.  The 10-year Treasury yield, which has averaged 4.88% over the past two decades, hit a record low of 1.44% on June 1, down from its high for the year of 2.4% percent on March 20.

Regardless, the cow may be turning into a pig.  Robert Auwaerter, head of Vanguard Group’s fixed-income group, predicted that unless the U.S. gets its debt under control within the next four years, U.S. bonds will become about as popular as the bonds of the five European countries that have seen borrowing costs soar as investors boycotted their bonds.

What Bloomberg called a Treasuries Doomsday isn’t on the Mayan calendar, but it could be as grim as those end-of-days predictions, at least from a financial perspective.  If yields were to rise back to 3.8% by December 2014, which is their average for the past decade, investors would realize loses of 10.8%.

Demand for U.S. bonds has enabled the Federal Reserve Board to keep borrowing costs low, and President Obama and Congress to fund a budget deficit that’s forecast to exceed $1 trillion for the fourth straight year.

However, Auwaerter said, “In the absence of a long-term credible plan, we are somewhere around four years away on where the markets are going to say ‘enough is enough.’ ”

Pretzel Logic

Friday, June 22nd, 2012

When Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke said recently that he did not expect The Fed to initiate any additional monetary stimulus, apparently stock traders weren’t listening.

The recent run-up in stock prices was based on conjecture that The Fed would respond to the still-weak economy with major action – perhaps yet another round of quantitative easing.

Instead of announcing quantitative easing, though, the Fed announced the expansion of Operation Twist on Wednesday. Under Operation Twist, which is designed to lower long-term interest rates to stimulate borrowing and investment, the Fed has been selling $400 billion of short-term bonds and using the funds to buy longer-term securities.

The extension through the end of 2012 added another $267 billion in bond sales. The measure is not very controversial, but an extension is also not likely to be especially effective, given that long-term rates are already at record lows.

Bernanke did not rule out further action. If none is taken, the “fiscal cliff” will become a little steeper.

Compared To What?

Tuesday, June 12th, 2012

The U.S. dollar is the strongest it’s been in a year-and-a-half.  Is this renewed strength a sign of American economic strength?

In a way – but it’s all relative.  The euro broke to a new low recently, and the dollar and the Japanese yen were both stronger, because of a flight to quality.

Japan, which is still recovering from last year’s earthquake and tsunami, has enormous debt, as does the U.S.  So if the dollar and yen are strengthening, it’s a sign that the euro is in deep, deep trouble.

The yield on 10-year U.S. treasury bonds hit a new low recently, at 1.45%, as did the 10-year German bund (1.18%) and the 10-year British gilt (1.53%).

 Is Europe Burning?

Even the ever-bullish MarketWatch was noting a swoon in global markets, due to “fresh concerns that the European currency union is nearer to dissolution.”

As MarketWatch’s David Callaway noted, “Investors are rushing to safe havens in preparation for financial Armageddon, the long-feared run on European bank deposits that is expected to develop once Greeks awake some Monday morning this summer to find out the euros in their bank accounts have turned into devalued drachmas.”

 The Pain in Spain

In addition to growing conjecture that Greece is going to exit the euro, there is growing conjecture that Spain’s banks will need to be bailed out.

Recently, the S&P 500 broke below 1300.  Not coincidentally, at pretty much the same time, the yield on Spanish bonds went much higher.  Shortly afterward, the International Monetary Fund made a statement that it is considering bailing out Spain.  Shortly thereafter, the IMF made a statement denying any potential bailout.

So what’s really happening in Spain?  The answer is anyone’s guess, but if you’re considering investing your life savings in Spanish bonds, you may want to reconsider.

At least the price of oil is dropping.

 

Key Indexes

YTD (As of 5/30)

S &P
500 (SPX)

-6.1%

Nasdaq
Composite (COMP)

-6.9%

Crude oil (NMN: CLN2)

-16%

Spain Ibex 35 (XX:IBEX)

-12.3%

Japan Nikkei 225 (JP:100000018)

-10.3%

Hong Kong
HSI (HK:HSI)

-11.7%

Russia RTS
(RTG: RTS)

-20.3%

Euro vs. dollar (EURUSD)

-6.2%

U.S.
Treasurys (return) (10_YEAR)

+1%

Dollar
index (DXY)

+5.1%

CBOE Market
Volatility Index (VIX)

+41%

 

T-Bills, Munis Are Hot … Compared With Everything Else

Thursday, May 26th, 2011

You could say that the yield on three-month Treasury bills has quintupled this month, which would explain why they are in demand.

Or you could say that yields on three-month Treasury bills are now at 0.05%, which comes out to just over a penny on every $100 invested.  You could make more than $120,000 on such an investment … if you had $1 billion to invest.

So why are T-Bills and municipal bonds, which likewise offer barely any return, hot today?

One reason is that supply is low and, in an effort to keep national debt below the $14.3 trillion ceiling, new debt is not being issued.  With demand and supply out of balance, prices are rising.  When prices rise, yields drop.

Slow economic growth and new financial regulations are also contributing to low yields.